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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Drug NameGeneric Name : gentamicin sulfateBrand Name:Parenteral, intrathecal: Alcomicin (CAN), Garamycin, Pediatric Gentamicin SulfateTopical dermatologic cream, ointment: GaramycinOphthalmic: Garamycin, Gentacidin, Gentak, Genoptic, Genoptic S.O.P.Gentamicin impregnated PMMA beads: SeptopalGentamicin Liposome injection: MaitecClassification:AminoglycosidePregnancy Category DDosage & RouteAvailable forms :Injection—10, 40 mg/mL; ophthalmic solution—3 mg/mL; ophthalmic ointment—3 mg/g; topical ointment—0.1%; topical cream—0.1%; ointment—1 mg; cream—1 mgParenteralADULTS3 mg/kg/day in three equal doses q 8 hr IM or IV. Up to 5 mg/kg/day in three to four equal doses in severe infections. For IV use, a loading dose of 1–2 mg/kg may be infused over 30–60 min, followed by a maintenance dose, usually for 7–10 days.PID: 2 mg/kg IV followed by 1.5 mg/kg tid plus clindamycin 600 mg IV qid. Continue for at least 4 days and at least 48 hr after patient improves, then continue clindamycin 450 mg orally qid for 10–14 days total therapy.Surgical prophylaxis regimens: Several complex, multidrug prophylaxis regimens are available for preoperative use; consult manufacturer’s instructions.PEDIATRIC PATIENTS2–2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IM or IV.Infants and neonates: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr.Premature or full-term neonates: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr.GERIATRIC PATIENTS OR PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILUREReduce dosage or extend time dosage intervals, and carefully monitor serum drug levels and renal function tests.Ophthalmic solutionADULTS AND PEDIATRIC PATIENTS1–2 drops into affected eye or eyes q 4 hr; use up to 2 drops hourly in severe infections.Ophthalmic ointmentADULTS AND PEDIATRIC PATIENTSApply small amount to affected eye bid–tid.Dermatologic preparationsADULTS AND PEDIATRIC PATIENTSApply tid to qid. Cover with sterile bandage if needed.Therapeutic actionsGentamicin is an aminoglycoside that binds to 30s and 50s ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria disrupting protein synthesis, thus rendering the bacterial cell membrane defective.IndicationsParenteralSerious infections caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia species, Citrobacter, Staphylococcus speciesSerious infections when causative organisms are not known (often in conjunction with a penicillin or cephalosporin)Unlabeled use: With clindamycin as alternative regimen in PIDIntrathecalGram-negative infectionsSerious CNS infections, such as meningitis, ventriculitis, infections caused by susceptible Pseudomonas speciesOphthalmic preparationsTreatment of superficial ocular infections due to strains of microorganisms susceptible to gentamicinTopical dermatologic preparationInfection prophylaxis in minor skin abrasions and treatment of superficial infections of the skin due to susceptible organisms amenable to local treatmentGentamicin-impregnated PMAA beads on surgical wireOrphan drug use: Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of posttraumatic, postoperative, or hematogenous originGentamicin liposome injectionOrphan drug use: Treatment of disseminated Myobacterium avium-intracellulare infectionAdverse effectsDizziness or vertigo; acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis; electrolyte imbalances; transient elevation of serum bilirubin and aminotransferases; purpura; nausea, vomiting; convulsions, mental depression, hallucinations. Atrophy or rat necrosis at inj sites.Potentially Fatal: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockade (may unmask or aggravate myasthaenia gravis).ContraindicationsHistory of hypersensitivity to aminoglycoside; pregnancy; hepatic impairment, perforated ear drum.Nursing considerationsAssessmentHistory: Allergy to any aminoglycosides; renal or
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